Points to note during the forging process

1. The forging process includes: cutting the material to the required size, heating, forging, heat treatment, cleaning and inspection. In small-scale manual forging, all these operations are carried out by several blacksmiths, both hand and hand, in a confined space. Exposure to the same harmful environment and occupational hazards; In large forging workshops, the hazards vary with different job positions.

Although the working conditions vary depending on the forging form, they share certain common features: moderate-intensity physical labor, a dry and hot microclimate environment, noise and vibration, and air pollution by smoke.

2. Workers are simultaneously exposed to high-temperature air and thermal radiation, which leads to the accumulation of heat in their bodies. The heat combined with the heat from metabolism can cause heat dissipation imbalance and pathological changes. The amount of sweat produced during an 8-hour workday varies depending on the small gas environment, physical exertion, and the degree of thermal adaptability, generally ranging from 1.5 to 5 liters, or even higher. In smaller forging workshops or at a distance from heat sources, the Bernabeu heat stress index is usually 55 to 95. However, in large forging workshops, the working points near heating furnaces or drop hammers may be as high as 150 to 190. It is prone to cause salt deficiency and heat cramps. In cold seasons, exposure to changes in the microclimate environment may promote its adaptability to a certain extent, but rapid and overly frequent changes may pose a threat to health.

Air pollution: The air in the workplace may contain smoke dust, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or acrolein. The concentration depends on the type of fuel used in the heating furnace and the impurities it contains, as well as combustion efficiency, air flow and ventilation conditions.

Noise and vibration: The type of forging hammer will inevitably generate low-frequency noise and vibration, but it may also have a certain high-frequency component, with its sound pressure level ranging from 95 to 115 decibels. Staff exposure to forging vibration may cause temperament and functional disorders, which can reduce work capacity and affect safety.